It is difficult to imagine two more antithetical deities than Athena and Pan. Athena, one of the Olympian Twelve, was both parthenogenically born and a virgin; was the patron goddess of the two greatest city states of Hellas, Athens and Sparta, and a proctectress of cities in general; was a mistress of strategy in war and stratagems in peace; and invented the plough, rake, ox-yoke, horse-bridle, and chariot, as well as handicrafts for women.

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